Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common health issues during pregnancy, affecting up to 2-15% of pregnant women. While UTIs are common in women overall, pregnancy causes physiological changes that increase their likelihood and can make them more serious if left untreated.
This article breaks down why UTIs are more frequent during pregnancy, what risks they pose, and how to manage and prevent them.
What Is a UTI?
A UTI occurs when bacteria, most often Escherichia coli (E. coli) from the gastrointestinal tract, enter the urinary tract and multiply. It can affect:
Why Pregnancy Increases UTI Risk
Several physical, hormonal, and immune changes during pregnancy create a perfect storm for infections:
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Pregnancy hormones relax smooth muscles, including those in the ureters (the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder).
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This slows urine flow, making it easier for bacteria to grow and travel up the urinary tract.
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Progesterone also reduces the bladder’s ability to contract completely, meaning urine may not be fully emptied, which is another risk factor.
2. A Growing Uterus Puts Pressure on the Bladder
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As the uterus expands, it presses on the bladder and ureters, further obstructing urine flow and encouraging urine retention.
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This makes it more difficult for the body to naturally flush out bacteria.
3. Shorter Urethra in Women
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This is true for all women, but during pregnancy, increased discharge and hormonal changes can disrupt the balance of vaginal flora, giving bacteria easier access to the urethra.
4. Immune System Suppression
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Pregnancy naturally lowers immune defenses to protect the fetus.
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A suppressed immune system makes it harder to fight off bacterial infections, including UTIs.
5. Glycosuria (Sugar in the Urine)
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Pregnant women sometimes excrete small amounts of glucose in the urine.
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Sugar is a fertile environment for bacteria, thereby increasing the risk of infection.
Why Untreated UTIs Are Risky During Pregnancy
A UTI during pregnancy isn’t just uncomfortable; it can be dangerous if ignored.
Complications May Include:
This is why routine urine tests are done at prenatal visits, even if you have no symptoms.
Symptoms to Watch For
Not all pregnant women with UTIs have obvious symptoms, but common signs include:
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Burning sensation while urinating
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Frequent urge to urinate (even when little comes out)
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Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
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Lower abdominal pain or pressure
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Fever and chills (may indicate kidney involvement)
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Pain in the lower back or sides
If you experience fever, nausea, or back pain, contact your doctor immediately. This could signal a kidney infection.
Prevention Tips
Good hygiene and lifestyle habits can reduce your risk:
1. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water to flush out bacteria from your system.
2. Empty Your Bladder Regularly
Don’t “hold it in,” especially after sex.
3. Wipe Front to Back
After using the toilet, always wipe from front to back to prevent the spread of bacteria.
4. Urinate After Intercourse
This helps flush out bacteria that may have entered the urethra.
5. Avoid Harsh Soaps or Douches
These can disrupt vaginal flora and increase the risk.
6. Wear Cotton Underwear
Helps keep the area dry and reduces bacterial growth.
How Are UTIs Diagnosed and Treated During Pregnancy?
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Diagnosis: A simple urine test can confirm a UTI.
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Treatment: UTIs are treated with pregnancy-safe antibiotics (such as amoxicillin or cephalexin).
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Your doctor may also recommend:
Never self-medicate during pregnancy. Some antibiotics are unsafe for pregnant women.
Final Thoughts
UTIs are more common during pregnancy due to hormonal shifts, reduced immunity, and mechanical changes caused by the growing uterus. While common, they should never be ignored, especially since untreated infections can harm both mother and baby.
Routine screening, proper hygiene, and quick treatment can ensure a healthy, infection-free pregnancy.
Do you have any personal experience that other sisters can learn from? Please share in the comments.
Researched by Dorcas Michael
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