Herpes is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the world, yet it remains misunderstood and highly stigmatized. This can be caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which affects individuals of all ages, genders, and lifestyles.
Many women discover they have herpes only after experiencing their first outbreak, while others may never show symptoms but still carry the virus.
What Really Is Herpes?
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HSV-1 (oral herpes): This primarily causes cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth and lips. HSV-1 can also trigger genital herpes through oral sex.
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HSV-2 (genital herpes): This causes sores in the genital or anal region. HSV-2 infections are more recurrent than HSV-1 infections.
Once infected, the Herpes virus remains in the body for the rest of one's life, hiding in nerve cells. It can remain dormant for extended periods and be triggered by stress, illness, hormonal changes, or a weakened immune system.
Did you know? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 3.7 billion people under age 50 have HSV-1, and 417 million people aged 15–49 have HSV-2 worldwide.
How is Herpes Transmitted?
Herpes spreads mainly through skin-to-skin contact, and not just through penetrative sex. Transmission can occur through:
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Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected partner
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Kissing, especially when visible cold sores are present
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Sharing sex toys without proper cleaning or condom use
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Skin-to-skin contact in the genital or anal area during outbreaks
Importantly, herpes can be passed even when there are no visible sores due to a process called asymptomatic shedding, where the virus is released through the skin or mucous membranes.
Symptoms of Herpes
Herpes symptoms vary widely and some women may never notice they are infected, while others experience painful outbreaks. Here are some symptoms of herpes you may notice:
Diagnosis of Herpes
A doctor can diagnose herpes through:
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Physical examination, i.e., checking sores or blisters.
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Viral culture or PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test, which detects herpes DNA.
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Blood tests to detect herpes antibodies (useful if you don’t have visible symptoms).
If you think you might have herpes, visit a gynecologist or healthcare provider during an active outbreak, it’s easier to test accurately then.
Treatment of Herpes
There’s currently no cure for herpes, but the condition is very manageable. Treatment helps reduce symptoms, speeds up healing, and lowers the transmission risk. Types of treatment
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Pain management: Over-the-counter painkillers, warm baths, or soothing ointments can also ease discomfort.
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Self-care tips like keeping sores clean and dry, wearing loose-fitting cotton underwear to reduce irritation, and avoiding sexual activity during outbreaks.
Suppressive therapy can reduce outbreaks by up to 70–80% and lower the chance of passing herpes to a partner.
Prevention of Herpes
While herpes can’t always be avoided, you can reduce your risk with simple precautions by:
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Using condoms or dental dams consistently during sex.
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Avoiding kissing or oral sex when cold sores are visible.
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Not sharing sex toys unless washed and covered with condoms.
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Considering daily suppressive antiviral therapy if outbreaks are frequent.
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Talking openly with your partner about STI status, which reduces stigma and builds trust.
Takeaway
Herpes may be a lifelong condition, but it is also manageable. With accurate information, treatment, and emotional support, women can manage herpes effectively and maintain healthy relationships.
Have you or someone you know experienced challenges with herpes?
Researched by Mercy Adeniyi.
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